Uralic etymology : Query result

English meaning: to drive, chase

German meaning: treiben, jagen

Estonian: aja- 'fortbewegen, treiben; nachgehen, verfolgen'

Saam (Lapp): vuoggje- -j- 'drive (a horse, reindeer)', drive on, drive over' (N), vuodjē- 'fahren' (L), vī̊jje- (K T), vujje- (Kld), vuajje- (Not.) 'fahren, lenken'

Sammalahti's version: *aja

References: FUV; SKES; КЭСКЯ; Donn. VglWb. 798 Anm.; MUSz. 392, 856; Steinitz Vgr.Vok. 39; Munkácsi B. Árja és kaukázusi elemek a finn-magyar nyelvekben 622

Number: 4

English meaning: temple

German meaning: Schläfe

Estonian: aju 'Gehirn, Verstand'

Saam (Lapp): vuoiŋȃš-, pl. vuoi'dŋȃšȃk 'brain' (N), vuoiŋam ~ vuoi'ŋam 'Gehirn' (L), vujvešn (Kld.), vuevešn (Not.) 'Gehirn'

Sammalahti's version: *ajŋi

References: FUV; SKES; MSzFgrE; TESz.; EtSz.; SzófSz.; Donn. VglWb 815; Paasonen Beitr. 31; Angere J. Die uralo-jukagirische Frage 50

Number: 5

English meaning: hang up, put up (a trap, net)

German meaning: aufhängen, -stecken, -stellen (Falle,Netz)

Estonian: ahta-, ahti- 'aufstecken (Getreide zum Darren)'

Saam (Lapp): wŭ͕o͕kχtȧje, wŭ͕o͕kχtȧŋ͕́ɛ̮ (Wfs.) 'in die Erde eingeschlagener Pfahl zum Aufhängen und Trocknen der Netze'

Sammalahti's version: *i6kta - mit Sam.!

References: FUV; SKES; КЭСКЯ; DEWO 49; Collinder Comp.Gr. 84; ИВПЯ 57

Number: 6

English meaning: space below smth., below

German meaning: Raum unter etw., Unter-, das Untere

Estonian: ala 'Unterraum; Grund, Ursprung'. all (postp.) 'unten, unter, unterhalb'

Saam (Lapp): vuolle ~ vuollĕ -l- 'down; (in comp.) 'space or part under smth...' (N), -vuollē 'der Platz unten oder nahebei, Unterlage' (L), vī̊_ille (T) 'das Untere', vī̊_ilne, vī̊_iln (T), vū_iln (Kld.), vue_iln (Not.), vo_iln (Not.) (adv., postp.) 'unter, unten'

Janhunen's version: (38) *i6la

Sammalahti's version: *i6la

References: FUV; SKES; КЭСКЯ; MUSz. 728; MSzFgrE; TESz.; EtSz.; SzófSz.; Donn. VglWb. II, 116; Paas. Beitr. 38; ИВПЯ 212; Collinder JukUr. 75

Number: 7

English meaning: end (front or back), beginning; to begin

German meaning: (vorderes od. hinteres) Ende, Anfang; anfangen, beginnen

Estonian: alga- 'anfangen, begründen', alg (gen. alu) 'Anfang'

Saam (Lapp): aĺge- lg- 'begin to, set to work upon' (N), aĺkē- (L), ā_ilke- (Kld.), a_ilke- (A) 'anfangen', aĺgo -lg- 'beginning, origin' (N), aĺkō (L), ālk (T), alk (Not. A) 'Anfang' [possibly < Finn.; here perhaps *vōlkē- 'go away'?]

K. Reshetnikov's notes: For the meaning of Lapp. *vōlkē- 'to go away' cf. engl. to start 'to begin / to depart'. However, this Lapp. word can be alternatively compared with Finn. valkama 'wharf, harbour' (Lehtiranta 152). The Proto-Lapp. stem represented by such forms as Lul. al'kē- 'anfangen', al'kō 'Anfang', al'ge- 'begin to, set to work upon' etc. is borrowed from Finnic.

References: FUV; SKES; DEWO 83; Collinder Comp.Gr. 120

Number: 8

English meaning: prediction, sorcery, lot

German meaning: irgendein Wahrsagungs-, Zaubermittel

Estonian: arp (gen. arbu, arbi) 'Los, Zauberei', varp (gen. varbi) 'Zauber, Verhexung'

Saam (Lapp): vuorbbe (N), 'sors secunda, fortuna; anulus oricalchi, in membranam tympani magici', vuor'be -rb- (N) 'each of the two or more pieces of wood, stones etc., used by persons who are going to cast lots; lot; destiny', vuor'pē (L) 'Glück, Los, Geschick, Schicksal', vi̊_irpe (T) 'Los'

References: SKES; Szófsz.; MSzFgrE; TESz.

Number: 25

English meaning: thing

German meaning: Sache, Ding

Estonian: asi (gen. asja) 'Sache, Ding, Gegenstand, irgend etwas' (?)

Saam (Lapp): āttâ -đ- 'thing, thingamy', āttâ- -đ- 'do smth. indefinite' (N), āhta 'unbedeutende Sachen' (L)

K. Redei's notes: *i6t3

K. Reshetnikov's notes: A quite strange case - vowel correspondences are absolutely irregular. The Mansi forms may be borrowed from Khanty. Hun. i- < *ɨ- (which could partly clarify the picture): doubtful because of the palatal vowel in the second syllable (iz-é, not **iz-a). The Lapp. form rather points to *ätV.

References: FUV; SKES; DEWO 207; Coll.CompGr 411; SzófSz.; MSzFgrE; TESz; Хелимский МКФУ-6 Тез.; Koivulehto über Fi \asia: Vir. 1982: 264.

Number: 34

English meaning: uncle

German meaning: Onkel

Estonian: sedi (dial.) 'Onkel mütterlicherseits' ( < Finn.?)

Saam (Lapp): čäcce -ǟʒ- (N) 'father's brother, paternal uncle, younger than the father', tjiehtjē, tjǟhtjē (L) 'Vaterbruder, Onkel väterlicherseits', čiecce (T), t́š́ieD̨t̨s̨^E (Klk.), t́š́ieɔt̨t̨s̨^E (Not.) 'jüngerer Bruder des Vaters'

Janhunen's version: (26) *cecä

Sammalahti's version: *cecä

References: FUV; SKES; КЭСКЯ; Paas.Beitr. 120-1; ИВПЯ 99; Collinder JukUr. 85-6; Крейнович Юкагирский язык 237

Number: 61

English meaning: hill

German meaning: Hügel

Estonian: sünk (gen. sünga) 'höherer Rasenhügel'

Saam (Lapp): čodne, čogne (N) 'tuber, gibbus', tjågŋē (L), 'Biegung, Krümmung, Buckel', t́š́uǝŋ͔̄^gk͔ (Kld.), t́š́ŭᾰG͔̀ḱ͔^E 'Klumpen, Haufen, Bündel'

K. Reshetnikov's notes: For the reconstruction variants in Ugric see Notes in UGRET 58. Despite UEW, Mar. *šuŋgǝ is likely to have another origin than Mar. Mnt. šüŋɣä (cf. Bereczki 73 vs. Bereczki 71) - see URAET 86, MARET 24.

References: FUV; MSzFgrE; TESz; Stein.Fgr.Vok. 27

Number: 66

English meaning: knot, bundle; to bind

German meaning: Knoten, Bündel; binden

Estonian: sõlm (gen. sõlme) 'Knoten, Schleife, Schlinge'

Saam (Lapp): čuol'bmâ -lm- 'knot' (N), tjuol'ma; tjuol'ma- 'knüpfen, knoten' (L), tšŭŏ̯l̄m^a (Ko. P) 'Knoten'; tšŭŏ̯l̄mα- 'knüpfen'

Sammalahti's version: *s'olmi

References: FUV; Donn. VglWb. 706; Budenz MUSz. 373; Bár.SzófSz; MSzFgrE; TESz; EtSz; Stein.FgrVok. 47

Number: 68

English meaning: back

German meaning: Rücken

Estonian: händ (gen. hänna) 'Schwanz, Schweif'

Saam (Lapp): tsą̇tska ̀ (Wfs.) 'Fleisch am Hinteren' ?

Number: 104

English meaning: birdcherry

German meaning: Traubenkirsche, Ahlkirsche

Estonian: toom (gen. toome, toomi, tooma) 'Traubenkirsche; Prunus Padus L.'

Saam (Lapp): duobmâ -m- (N) 'Prunus Padus', fuom (Ruija), tuomm^a (Ko. Not.)

Janhunen's version: (82) *d'i6xmi6

Sammalahti's version: *d'i6xmi6

References: FUV; SKES; КЭСКЯ; Donn.VglWb. 550; Stein.Fgr.Vok. 45; ИВПЯ 144; Collinder Comp.Gr. 62, 142, 161, 378

Number: 123

English meaning: glue

German meaning: Leim

Estonian: tüma 'Pech'

Saam (Lapp): dabme, hibme (N) 'Leim', tapmē (L) 'id.; leimartige Substanz', -demm (S) id.

Janhunen's version: (31) *δ'ümä

Sammalahti's version: *δ'ümä

References: Budenz MUSz. 688; FUV; ИВПЯ 136; КЭСКЯ; Paas.Beitr. 15, 69

Number: 124

English meaning: negative particle, negative verb

German meaning: (Verneinungspartikel ->) Verneinungsverb

Estonian: e- (ei, es / is, ep)

Saam (Lapp): i-, imp. al-, âl- (N), ji̮- ~ je- ~ i̮- (Ko. P), i- ~ ie- (Wfs.)

References: FUV; SKES; КЭСКЯ; DEWO 56, 124; Coll.CompGr. 118, 172, 136, 405, 406; Stein.Fgr.Vok. 41; Collinder JukUr. 60-69; Angere J. Die uralo-jukagirische Frage 102; ИВПЯ 90-91, 134

Number: 127

English meaning: night

German meaning: Nacht

Estonian: öö

Saam (Lapp): iggjâ -j- (N), idja (L), jijj (T), ėjj, ijj (Kld.)

Sammalahti's version: *üji

References: FUV; SKES; КЭСКЯ; Budenz MUSz. 771; EtSz.; Szófsz.; MSzFgrE; TESz.

Number: 132

English meaning: to live

German meaning: leben

Estonian: ela-

Saam (Lapp): ælle- ǣl- (N), iellē-, ǟllē- (L), jielle- (jea-) (T), ie_ille- (Kld.)

Janhunen's version: (27) *elä-

Sammalahti's version: *elä-

K. Reshetnikov's notes: Contrary to Rédei, OU *jĭlǝp 'new, fresh' doesn't belong here - it has other parallels (see the next etymology, URAET 135).

References: FUV; SKES; КЭСКЯ; Budenz MUSz. 773; EtSz.; SzófSz.; MSzFgrE; TESz.; Paas. Beitr. 38; ИВПЯ 92

Number: 134

English meaning: mother, female

German meaning: Mutter, Weib

Estonian: ema 'Mutter; Gebärmutter'

Saam (Lapp): ǣmest (N) 'von der Geburt an', ǣme-lii'ke 'die Haut des neugeborenen Kindes', iemē ~ ǟmē (L) 'von Anfang an, von Natur'

Janhunen's version: (110) *ä/emä

Sammalahti's version: *emä

References: FUV; SKES; Budenz MUSz. 783; EtSz.; MSzFgrE; TESz.; SzófSz.; Paas. Beitr. 12; Collinder JukUr. 76; Angere J. Die uralo-jukagirische Frage..., 128

Number: 136

English meaning: big, large, much, many

German meaning: groß, viel

Estonian: enam, (S) enämb 'mehr', onu (S.) uno 'Oheim'

Saam (Lapp): ǣdnâg 'much (of), a lot (of); many' (N), ǟtna, ǟtnak (L) 'viel, viele', jienni̊g (T), ienneɣ (Kld.), ianneɣ́, jennaj (Not.), jennøj (A) 'viel; wie viel, wie viele', dædno ~ ædno -ǣn- 'the main river', ätnō (L) 'Fluß, Strom', je̯ä ̀n ̀uo͕ 'Bach', āeno, ed'nu ~ ēdnu (N) 'mother's brother, maternal uncle', ǟnoi, ädnu (L) 'jüngerer oder älterer Bruder od. Vetter der Mutter', jeanaj (T) 'Mutterbruder'

Sammalahti's version: (FU?) *e/inä

K. Reshetnikov's notes: By Rédei, in this comparison is also involved Ngan. aniʔe 'big' (with ?), but I still prefer to link this form to other material (see URAET 13). It is not quite clear how to interpret some words meaning an elder (male) relative: FB-Lapp. *enoi 'maternal uncle', Komi un(-) 'uncle/aunt', Sam. *inä 'elder brother, father's younger brother'. In UEW, these words are listed as reflexes of the Proto-Uralic word in question, which is based on their phonetical shape as well as on a possibility of semantical development 'big > elder > elder brother, uncle' (note that in FB, Lapp. and Komi the first syllable vowels of respective forms are perfectly identic with those of forms meaning 'much, more' and 'big'). Such a solution doesn't seem unacceptable, but in URAET, I preliminarily treat this etymological group as a distinct one (see URAET 1801).

References: FUV; SKES; КЭСКЯ; DEWO 110; Budenz MUSz. 783, 857; Paas. Beitr. 19; Stein.Fgr.Vok. 50; Collinder CompGr. 134, 175-176, 376; ИВПЯ 21, 221;

Number: 137

English meaning: father

German meaning: Vater

Estonian: isa 'Vater'

Saam (Lapp): æč, æčče (N), jiečče (jea) (T), ehč (ejj) (Not.), jēč (ječča), eč (ečče) (A)

Sammalahti's version: FU *is'ä

K. Reshetnikov's notes: Note Finn iso 'big, large' and Mord. Mks. oc'u 'big' - really related to the words meaning 'father' etc.? In Mord., o- corresponding to FB *i- is attested in some over cases (factors causing its appearance are being cleared up now).

References: FUV; SKES; Budenz MUSz. 857; SzófSz.; MSzFgrE; TESz.; Beitr. 161, 237; Collinder Comp.Gr. 377

Number: 142

English meaning: shadow; shadow soul

German meaning: Schatten; Schattenseele

Estonian: ise 'selbst; eigen, besonder'

Saam (Lapp): ieš ~ jieš, (du., pl.) ieǯâ ~ jieǯâ (N) 'himself, self-', ietj (L) 'selbst, selber', jičče, pl. jiǯ (T), īčč (Kld.), jiehč, jehč (Not.), īč (A) 'selbst, sich, sein'

Sammalahti's version: *ii/is'/c'i

References: FUV; SKES; КЭСКЯ; EtSz.; MSzFgrE; TeSz.; Paas. Beitr. 168, 172; Collinder, JukUr. 73; Angere J. Die uralo-jukagirische Frage... 70, 127

Number: 144

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